2024 Gm neutral safety switch wiring diagram

Check the wiring of your fuse panel: If there are (2) connections for a neutral safety switch, run a #12 (or heavier) stranded wire from these terminals in your fuse panel to the (2) terminals on the neutral safety switch. That completes the …. Dillons pharmacy wellington ks

From B&M site: If you have a neutral safety switch, locate the switch and identify the neutral safety wires (engine will not crank unless these wires are connected together). If you have a neutral safety switch, disconnect and extend both wires from the GM switch to the switch on the shifter.Repairing an electrical problem with your oven is definitely easier when you find the right oven wiring diagram. Check out this guide to oven wiring problems, and to finding those ...Jul 30, 2005 · 2067 posts · Joined 1998. #4 · Jul 30, 2005. The switch terminals that face forward, that are parallel ( l l ), are for the neutral/park start switch. The painless harness should have a purple wire #919 that starts at the ignition switch. It should be routed to the NSS, cut to length and terminated to one of the two terminals. The net will never be neutral so long as technology oligopoly continues to asphyxiate what we look at when we open our browsers. The repeal of net neutrality confirms what we alrea...MTchevy1 Discussion starter. 229 posts · Joined 2003. #1 · Aug 13, 2013. I'm looking for the pinout diagram for the two plugs that go into the range sensor on a 4L60e. These plugs have been cut off of my 5.3 harness, and the ones I'm splicing back in have different color wires. A diagram would solve my problem.NEUTRAL SAFETY/ BACKUP LIGHT SWITCH KIT (GM TH-350, 400 & 700R-4 Transmissions) CAUTION: Before beginning the installation, be sure that the vehicle’s parking brake is applied to prevent the vehicle from rolling. Install the switch and bracket on the transmission as shown in the illustrations on the back page using the …The wiring diagram shows the connections between all the components of the system. Understanding the Diagram. The 4L60E neutral safety switch wiring diagram is relatively simple to understand. The diagram shows how the wiring is connected to the ECU and the PCM. It also shows how the switches are connected to the ECU. Testing the Switch. Unplug the electrical connector from the neutral switch. Using a small jumper wire, jump the terminal of the connector that gets battery power, and the terminal of the connector that leads to the starter solenoid. Position the gear selector in Park or Neutral. Try to start the engine. can anyone tell me how to wire the neutral safety switch on a 1960 corvette outomatic, I have a wiring diagram however the section I need to read has been creased and not copied well Short black wire is grounded to switch bracket.other longer black wire connected to longer black wire and to right side of neutral switch at fire wall. The neutral safety switch diagram is a visual representation of the electrical connections involved in the operation of the switch. It shows how the switch is wired to the ignition switch, starter motor, and other components of the starting system. The diagram helps mechanics and technicians troubleshoot problems with the switch and understand ... The steering column cover on the Chevy Silverado is divided into two pieces. The cover's primary purpose is to protect the many components within the cover, such as the ignition sw...vortec710 Discussion starter. 1682 posts · Joined 2011. #1 · Jul 14, 2022. Looking to acquire a CORRECT neutral safety switch for my 70 El Camino, TH400, column shifter w/back-up lights. Original switch has 4 prongs for electrical connections, current marketplace replacements all seem to have 7 prongs, whether made by AAW, …About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...The Tremec TKO started life as a manual transmission in the Ford Mustang. One area that can be confusing no matter what the application, is the neutral safe...Did you know that normal LED bulbs can burn out quickly—more quickly than incandescents—when connected to dimmer switches or old wiring? I sure didn’t, until all the expensive LEDs...The GM Neutral Safety Switch wiring diagram is an invaluable tool for diagnosing and troubleshooting electrical problems in your vehicle. By studying the diagram and understanding how the components of the NSS are connected, you can identify any faulty wiring or connections.Don, I'm assuming that the harness you have is the one that runs to the various connections inside the console (Yes)- ie for the rear courtesy light, the two trans shift selector illumination bulbs, the neutral safety switch connector, and the reverse lights.That terminates at a 7 pin plug, (eight position, 7 wires,) which in turn gets connected to an …The My GM Rewards Card offers high earning potential, but it likely only makes sense if you want to redeem your points toward GM-related purchases. We may receive compensation from...Apr 7, 2014 - Uploaded by Fix Your Car Videos How to Bypass neutral safety switch is easy. ... I get the part where you hook up a positive wire to the push button but where.... Neutral Safety Switch Replacement 98 Silverado (full size GM trucks) ... Bypassing Neutral Safety Switch, Chrysler sebring 2000 - Duration: 2:21. by Brianna …The most popular choice for a steering column in todays hot rod project is the GM style with the ignition switch and neutral safety switch incorporated into the column. Most of the popular wiring kits are also based on the GM wiring harness and switches/ controls. Aftermarket columns like those from are located in the same place as a stock column.Did you know that normal LED bulbs can burn out quickly—more quickly than incandescents—when connected to dimmer switches or old wiring? I sure didn’t, until all the expensive LEDs...In Need Of Borg Warner 13 56 Plug Wiring Diagram Ford F150 Forum Community Truck Fans. 4l60e Neutral Safety Switch Diagram Cpt. Neutral Safety Switch Gm Forum Buick Cadillac Olds Gmc Pontiac Chat. Neutral Safety Switch S 10 Forum. 4l60e Park Neutral Switch Types Compatible Ls1tech Camaro And Firebird Forum …Chances are the switch will have 3 terminals and one will not be used. Now turn the ignition switch to run and place the shifter into reverse and the backup lights should come on. Now shift to all of the other gear positions and the lights should stay off. Now that this works and is done, about the same thing will be done on the neutral safety ... on 79 (and probably later) camaros, the neutral safety switch is operated differently than the earlier cars. When it comes to adding an aftermarket shifter or transmissions, locating the right wires can be a real challenge. The reverse light switch is located on the steering column near the firewall like usual. It is a pink/white and green wire. Chevy 4l60e Neutral Safety Switch Diagram Replicarclub Com. 2004 Chevrolet Silverado Fuse Diagram Ricks Free Auto Repair Advice Automotive Tips And How To. Transmission chevrolet silverado 1500 2004 system wiring diagrams for cars neutral park switch signal to ecm the 1947 present gmc truck message board network …The 54's with 3OT and 4 speed use the stomp starter, which is shaft actuated to the starter. The key switch, merely kills the ignition. The cab/chassis, Hydramatic, and big trucks all use the key switch and push button start. It may be possible to do a limit switch or even a universal NSS switch on the factory linkage.Mar 15, 2022 · Tko Neutral Safety Switch And Reverse Light. 4l60e Neutral Safety Switch Diagram Cpt. Automatic Neutral Safety Switch. Electrical Wiring Diagram For Neutral Safety Switch Backup Lights On A 1991 5 0 Aod Stangnet. Viewing A Thread Neutral Safety Switch Compilation Of Info. 1980 Corvette Neutral Safety And Back Up Lamp Wiring Diagram Will Inc. I know Big Al just got the 4L80E for his build. Our 2003 Work van is the express 3500. This is the fourth Neutral Safety switch I am changing. First one was discount store, no choice, bad weather needed the van. That one lasted 30 days. Had an order for Rock Auto after I bought that one and got the AC Delco added on so that one …Jan 19, 2018 · In Need Of Borg Warner 13 56 Plug Wiring Diagram Ford F150 Forum Community Truck Fans. 4l60e Neutral Safety Switch Diagram Cpt. Neutral Safety Switch Gm Forum Buick Cadillac Olds Gmc Pontiac Chat. Neutral Safety Switch S 10 Forum. 4l60e Park Neutral Switch Types Compatible Ls1tech Camaro And Firebird Forum Discussion Re: Neutral Safety Switch/Backup Lights. use your ohm meter, put the truck in reverse (chock the wheels and set the emergency brake) and see which two tabs are connected electrically. This should be the dark and light green wires. then put the truck in neutral, and the other tabs should be connected electrically (switch closed).The wiring diagram shows the connections between all the components of the system. Understanding the Diagram. The 4L60E neutral safety switch wiring diagram is relatively simple to understand. The diagram shows how the wiring is connected to the ECU and the PCM. It also shows how the switches are connected to the ECU.Gm Neutral Safety Switch Wiring Diagram from i0.wp.com. Print the wiring diagram off in addition to use highlighters to be able to trace the circuit. When you make use of your finger or perhaps the actual circuit together with your eyes, it’s easy to mistrace the circuit. A single trick that I actually use is to print out the same wiring ...Testing the Switch. Unplug the electrical connector from the neutral switch. Using a small jumper wire, jump the terminal of the connector that gets battery power, and the terminal of the connector that leads to the starter solenoid. Position the gear selector in Park or Neutral. Try to start the engine.A wiring diagram is an easy visual representation in the physical connections and physical layout of an electrical system or circuit. It shows the way the electrical wires are interconnected and will also show where fixtures and components could be attached to the system. When and How to Use a Wiring Diagram.183 posts · Joined 2008. #13 · Sep 27, 2008. Tried and tested. Put it in reverse, and fired up the engine. It started, so no switch. So I need to find a switch, figure out where the neutral switch wires lead, find out where my back up lamp wires are, and put everything together. I've got a long winter to do all that.A Team Performance Neutral Safety Reverse Light Range Prndl Sensor Switch Connector 7 Wire 4 Transmission Pigtail Kit Compatible With 1995 2004 Gm Sd. 4l60e Neutral Safety Switch Diagram Cpt. I Need To Find A Wiring Diagram For Park Neutral Switch 2005 Chevy Express Cargo Van. 4l60e Neutral Safety Switch …If there is confusion about which wire is which use a multi-meter if you have one. the IGN will have 12 volts when the starter switch is in the momentary start pos and 0 volts otherwise. The NSS will be closed with 0 ohms across the two leads only when in neutral or park. Otherwise it will be open and read no ohms.Rev 12-19-11. This kit includes sub kits to facilitate the installation of GM style aftermarket steering columns and accessories in GM, Ford, Chrysler and custom wired applications. THE TURN SIGNAL KIT allows the electrical connection of vehicle harness wires to aftermarket, or factory GM steering column with either the 3 7/8 and 4 1/4 11 way ...The Chevy Silverado Neutral Safety Switch Wiring Diagram contains several essential components. These include the starter relay, ignition switch, neutral safety switch, wiring harness, and electrical connectors. Each component is important and must be correctly connected according to the wiring diagram in order to ensure that the …Testing the Switch. Unplug the electrical connector from the neutral switch. Using a small jumper wire, jump the terminal of the connector that gets battery power, and the terminal of the connector that leads to the starter solenoid. Position the gear selector in Park or Neutral. Try to start the engine.Chances are the switch will have 3 terminals and one will not be used. Now turn the ignition switch to run and place the shifter into reverse and the backup lights should come on. Now shift to all of the other gear positions and the lights should stay off. Now that this works and is done, about the same thing will be done on the neutral safety ...There is only one purple wire in that group - it should be on the top row of the block on the inboard side. See the maps below. When you find it, cut it and splice on two extension leads. Make the extensions long enough to reach your NSS (I am assuming that your new shifter has an NSS switch built in).Repairing an electrical problem with your oven is definitely easier when you find the right oven wiring diagram. Check out this guide to oven wiring problems, and to finding those ...A neutral safety switch allows current to pass from the ignition switch to the starter when the lever is placed in the P or N position or the clutch is depressed. Located on the lower steering column or the floor shifter of automatic transmission vehicles and behind the clutch pedal of manual transmission vehicles.Stay. Sort by Oldest first. CatDaddy52. 2066 posts · Joined 2008. #2 · Aug 11, 2010. There is a clutch pedal position switch mounted on the push rod of the master cylinder at the top of the pedal. 2 circuits run thru this switch; one for starting (clutch pedal must be pushed in) & one for the speed control (pedal must be in the released ...diagram below for details). Connect both TSS cables according to their labels. Additionally, connect the Neutral Safety Switch and the Backup Lamp Switch. The neutral safety switch isn’t related to the Quick 1 controller or harness, but should be included in every installation. In some 4x4 transmissions, the output speed sensor may be missing ...Instead of throwing away or storing your old Linksys router, set it up as a switch, also known as a repeater. In doing so, you have the ability to hard-wire seven computers to your...can anyone tell me how to wire the neutral safety switch on a 1960 corvette outomatic, I have a wiring diagram however the section I need to read has been creased and not copied well Short black wire is grounded to switch bracket.other longer black wire connected to longer black wire and to right side of neutral switch at fire wall.From B&M site: If you have a neutral safety switch, locate the switch and identify the neutral safety wires (engine will not crank unless these wires are connected together). If you have a neutral safety switch, disconnect and extend both wires from the GM switch to the switch on the shifter.The 4L60E Park Neutral Switch Wiring Diagram is an indispensable tool for anyone who works with cars. As the name implies, it is a diagram that provides information about how to wire the various components of the transmission. ... Neutral Safety Switch Wiring Chevy Avalanche Fan Club Of North America. 4l60e …But I am wondering how to wire the ignition switch and neutral safety switch portion. I found 2 documents/plug sets, 1 from painless performance and 2nd from Flaming River. ... I'd look up a basic GM wiring diagram, since they designed it to begin with. The rod aftermarket just uses the common, solid stuff and adapts it.The neutral safety switch diagram is a visual representation of the electrical connections involved in the operation of the switch. It shows how the switch is wired to the ignition switch, starter motor, and other components of the starting system.Below are two photos, the 1st is a 1970 switch. The second is a 1971 switch as installed from the factory. The switch is slightly different but installs in the same location. YOu might consider using the later switch, they changed it for a reason, and also 1970 switches are usually much more expensive.Wiring Diagram For 4l80e Neutral Safty Switch The 1947 Present Chevrolet Gmc Truck Message Board Network Wire Up A Neutral Safety Swith The 1947 Present Chevrolet Gmc Truck Message Board Network Neutral Safety Switch Location And Testing Where Is TheI need the wiring diagram for the park neutral/backup/safety switch for a 1997 GMC C1500 5.7 Vortec engine with a 4L60E - Answered by a verified GM Mechanic324 posts · Joined 2017. #5 · Jan 19, 2020. The purple wire on the ignition switch should be hot when in the crank position, check it with a test light or meter. Then it goes to the Neutral safety switch, then to the starter. it can be checked at each point but start at the ignition switch and work your way down.Jun 27, 2002 · NEUTRAL SAFETY/ BACKUP LIGHT SWITCH KIT (GM TH-350, 400 & 700R-4 Transmissions) CAUTION: Before beginning the installation, be sure that the vehicle’s parking brake is applied to prevent the vehicle from rolling. Install the switch and bracket on the transmission as shown in the illustrations on the back page using the parts listed below: Find an electric scooter wiring diagram on websites such as ElectricScooterParts.com and Wiringdiagrams21.com, as of 2015. The electrical system of a scooter contains several compo...May 19, 2020 · Buy Now!New Neutral Safety Switch from 1AAuto.com http://1aau.to/ia/1AZNS00004The neutral safety switch is a safety device that does not let your vehicle's e... Jul 30, 2005 · 2067 posts · Joined 1998. #4 · Jul 30, 2005. The switch terminals that face forward, that are parallel ( l l ), are for the neutral/park start switch. The painless harness should have a purple wire #919 that starts at the ignition switch. It should be routed to the NSS, cut to length and terminated to one of the two terminals. The neutral safety switch is an important component that prevents the engine from starting unless the transmission is in the neutral or park position. If you no longer have the switch, you can bypass it by jumping the starter relay. This can be done by connecting the two wires that would normally go to the switch directly to each other.Hello everybody, I have a 1998 k2500 Silverado with a 4L80E. My question: what wires get voltage on the neutral park range safety switch (the one that's mounted onto drivers the side of the transmission) . I can't seem to get the right information on different schematics. Some schematic say that a purple wire gives voltage and there's …1995 chevy: wiring diagram..neutral..guage..it is a l80e trans. i need the wiring diagram for ihe park neutral and shift position switches. the colors are gry, yell, wht & blk/wht on one and #10guage yell, brn, lt … read more. GM Tech (Cam)17. IGNITION SWITCH Note: Connectors are included if you are using a stock 1970-73 Camaro ignition switch as shown in Diagram H. Red 12 volt battery feed Pink 12 volt ignition feed Brown 12 volt accessory feed Purple Starter lead wire to Neutral Safety Switch 18. GROUND Black Connect to a good chassis ground. 19.4L60E Neutral Safety Switch. I have a 4L60E transmission and the switch on the gear selector only has 1 big connector instead on 2 connectors. I was hoping that someone has an idea on which wires are used for the Neutral Safety Switch and what wires are used for the reverse light. I have 5 wires (of the around 10 wires that are on the …The most popular choice for a steering column in todays hot rod project is the GM style with the ignition switch and neutral safety switch incorporated into the column. Most of the popular wiring kits are also based on the GM wiring harness and switches/ controls. Aftermarket columns like those from are located in the same place as a stock column.Don, I'm assuming that the harness you have is the one that runs to the various connections inside the console (Yes)- ie for the rear courtesy light, the two trans shift selector illumination bulbs, the neutral safety switch connector, and the reverse lights.That terminates at a 7 pin plug, (eight position, 7 wires,) which in turn gets connected to an …The neutral safety switch is usually located on the side of the transmission. It is a small, round or rectangular device with two terminals. The terminals are usually labeled "BAT" and "GND". The "BAT" terminal is connected to the battery positive terminal, and the "GND" terminal is connected to the ground. Wiring a neutral safety switch is a ...May 19, 2020 · Buy Now!New Neutral Safety Switch from 1AAuto.com http://1aau.to/ia/1AZNS00004The neutral safety switch is a safety device that does not let your vehicle's e... Neutral Safety Switch Wiring Chevy Avalanche Fan Club Of North America. 2004 Pcm Wiring Diagram Pinout Chevy Trailblazer Ss And Gmc Envoy Forum. I Need A Wiring Diagram For 2011 Chevy Silverado Wt So Can Install Remote Start Especially The Ignition And. ... All Wiring Diagrams For Chevrolet Silverado 2008 1500 …Below are two photos, the 1st is a 1970 switch. The second is a 1971 switch as installed from the factory. The switch is slightly different but installs in the same location. YOu might consider using the later switch, they changed it for a reason, and also 1970 switches are usually much more expensive.Bowtied. 548 posts · Joined 2009. #3 · Apr 9, 2015. Curt goes over the Neutral Safety Switch on a 4L60E transmission. Curt also gives a tech tip about removing the neutral safety switch without breaking the harnesses plastic housing. At the GM factory, they would put silicone in the terminals to prevent water from getting in.I have a 4-cylinder 2009 colorado with a 4L60e and it has the internal park/neutral switch. Current Performance built me a wiring harness to swap in a V8. The harness came out awesome, unfortunately, it has an extra connector for an external park/neutral switch. I contacted them about changing it and had one person tell me that …Trying to find the right automotive wiring diagram for your system can be quite a daunting task if you don’t know where to look. Luckily, there are some places that may have just w...1967 chevelle malibu. 1125 posts · Joined 2011. #3 · May 21, 2016. Purple wire starts at igniton switch, goes to neutral switch & then to starter. The ignition switch terminal is SOL. (solenoid) This is an older thread, you may not receive a response, and could be reviving an old thread. Please consider creating a new thread.The neutral safety switch is an important component that prevents the engine from starting unless the transmission is in the neutral or park position. If you no longer have the switch, you can bypass it by jumping the starter relay. This can be done by connecting the two wires that would normally go to the switch directly to each other.In this video I show how to wire a starter relay, starter solenoid, and neutral safety switch on an engine. I also explain how to bypass the solenoid if need...Each harness is manufactured in the USA according to GM specifications, assuring an authentic look and precise connection to all electrical components. ... This reproduction harness starts with the correct gauge wire, color-coded to match the factory wiring diagram. Each wire is cut to the exact length required and wiring terminals are crimped ...Chances are the switch will have 3 terminals and one will not be used. Now turn the ignition switch to run and place the shifter into reverse and the backup lights should come on. Now shift to all of the other gear positions and the lights should stay off. Now that this works and is done, about the same thing will be done on the neutral safety ...Chevy neutral safety switch wiring diagramChevy 4l60e neutral safety switch diagram 2001 chevy silverado neutral safety switch wiring diagramSwitch neutral wiring safety diagram chevy pnp transmission park relay 4l60 connector gm library swap ls1tech silverado camaro compatible types. Check Details Wiringall relay mustang pnp 1966

The Chevy Silverado Neutral Safety Switch Wiring Diagram contains several essential components. These include the starter relay, ignition switch, neutral safety switch, wiring harness, and electrical connectors. Each component is important and must be correctly connected according to the wiring diagram in order to ensure that the …. Blue cross blue shield careers texas

The switch is basically a relay — it receives a constant power source when the key is in the on position. When the key is cranked to the start position, it sends that current down a pathway to the starter motor. This pathway is only available, however, if the gear is in neutral or park. Otherwise the pathway is open, and no current can pass.Looking at the wiring diagram and can not see the neutral safety switch. I do have some blind spots. Its a guy thing according to my wife. Here is the problem. I have a 1954 powerglide. I have a neutral safety switch that needs to be installed. The car now starts in all gears. There are four connectors on the switch.Bill Scott. 3079 posts · Joined 2013. #3 · Jan 18, 2021. The NSS is a open/closed switch. I would suggest that you cut the existing wire and install a similar sized wire from the ignition to a NSS lug, then from the other lug to the remaining wire to the solenoid. Simply put, put the NSS in series with purple wire.1995 chevy: wiring diagram..neutral..guage..it is a l80e trans. i need the wiring diagram for ihe park neutral and shift position switches. the colors are gry, yell, wht & blk/wht on one and #10guage yell, brn, lt … read more. GM Tech (Cam)67-72 Chevy Wiring Diagram. 67-72 wiring diagram. Back to FAQ Home.Neutral Safety and Back Up Light Switch The neutral safety switch and the back up light switch are combined into a single unit which is mounted on the lower portion of the steering column. The neutral safety switch interrupts power from the ignition switch to the starter solenoid (usually a purple wire) when the shifter is in any position other ...Testing the Switch. Unplug the electrical connector from the neutral switch. Using a small jumper wire, jump the terminal of the connector that gets battery power, and the terminal of the connector that leads to the starter solenoid. Position the gear selector in Park or Neutral. Try to start the engine.Today I will show you how to find the wires for your 4l60e or 4l80e to hook up the original neutral safety switch for your transmission. #4l60e #4l80e #neutralsafetyswitch ...more.4l60e neutral safety switch wiring diagrams and connector pin out information.The neutral safety switch diagram is a visual representation of the electrical connections involved in the operation of the switch. It shows how the switch is wired to the ignition switch, starter motor, and other components of the starting system.Feb 11, 2024 · 4l60e Neutral Safety Switch Diagram Cpt. Engine Conversions And Park Neutral Signal Page 2. Anyone Have A Pinout Diagram For 4l60e Range Sensor Nss Plugs S 10 Forum. 4l60e Neutral Safety Switch The 1947 Present Chevrolet Gmc Truck Message Board Network. Deuce. Some early 70's Chevy/GMC vans with the Turbo 350 have the neutral start switch mounted ON the transmission. The case has two extended prongs cast into the left side of the case just above the shift lever. Most column shifted GM's have the neutral start/back up light switch on the column.NEUTRAL SAFETY/ BACKUP LIGHT SWITCH KIT (GM TH-350, 400 & 700R-4 Transmissions) CAUTION: Before beginning the installation, be sure that the vehicle’s parking brake is applied to prevent the vehicle from rolling. Install the switch and bracket on the transmission as shown in the illustrations on the back page using the …If you’re a car enthusiast or a DIY mechanic, you know how important it is to have access to reliable vehicle wiring diagrams. Knowing the wiring diagram of your vehicle can help y...Here is the ignition switch wiring diagram I made so far...I will likely leave that black/orange alone. the only purpose of the switch will be for backup lights. I am trying to link various pieces to a universal wiring kit..Wet Switch flood detectors are essential devices that help protect our homes and businesses from potential water damage. These detectors are designed to sense even the smallest amo...Buy Now!New Neutral Safety Switch 4 Wire Plug from 1AAuto.com http://1aau.to/ia/1AZMX00126If the wiring harness on your neutral safety switch is damaged, or ...Neutral Safety Switch wiring The 1967 - 1972 Chevrolet & GMC Pickups Message Board Register or Log In To remove ... That's the famous "Chevy Starter Heat Soak" problem and people throw starters and heat shields and all kinds of parts at it, but it's usually just a bad connection in the purple wire. ... Here's a diagram showing the wiring …The neutral safety switch, also known as the clutch safety switch, is an electrical component located in the driver’s side of the vehicle. It ensures that the engine will only start when the car is in neutral or park. This prevents injury or damage to the vehicle if the car were to be shifted into gear while the engine is running..

Popular Topics